As the warm weather continues, more and more of us head for the water to cool off. However, as cool and refreshing as it is, water can be a source of accidents and even death. Some basic safety tips can help everyone to be safe while they enjoy the water.

The most familiar problem with the water to most people is drowning. Drowning claims over 4,000 lives every year and is the fourth leading cause of accidental death in the US. However, a few hundred spinal cord injuries occur every year from swimming injuries, such as from diving into shallow water. These injuries can result in permanent paralysis. There can also be problems related to electricity near water, including lightning, and the chemical used to keep swimming pools clean. Swimming in areas where there are boats, such as in lakes, can also present special hazards.

The first important safety point is to make sure you know how to swim. Many water-related accidents are due to overconfidence regarding swimming or diving ability. People need to know and respect their swimming limitations. Those who are poor swimmers should use properly fitting life jackets, as opposed to inner tubes or other inflatable objects, for protection. In addition, people should swim only in appropriate areas, preferably an area with a lifeguard, and never alone. Areas with swift currents or large waves should be avoided. All posted swimming rules should be obeyed.

Children need constant supervision from adults when in or around water. A child can drown in 30 seconds in only 2 inches of water. Do not assume a "kiddies pool" is safe. A ringing phone or doorbell is not a reason to leave a child alone, even if they can "swim like a fish." Even buckets and hoses in the yard can get children in trouble, as their curiosity may get the best of them. Parents with swimming pools should have a childproof gate and fence around the pool. Chemicals such as chlorine should be locked up and never left sitting by the pool.

Though it is mostly a myth that people cannot swim for at least an hour after eating, it is common sense to avoid swimming right after a big meal. Chewing gum while swimming is also a no-no, as choking can easily occur. Alcohol, sedatives, and illegal drugs should not be used before swimming. People should not swim after dark or during a storm. Also, remember the "dangerous too's" of drowning from the Red Cross: too tired, too cold, too far from safety, too much sun, and too much strenuous activity.

Before diving into water, know how deep the water is. Enter feet first if unsure about the depth of water - there'll be plenty of time to dive later. When diving, the arms should be extended overhead with the hands together to protect the head. Kids need to learn the "one at a time" rule when there is a diving board. This helps avoid collisions and injuries in the water.

People are advised to learn basic first aid techniques, such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which can help a near drowning victim. If someone is drowning, only experienced people should attempt a rescue. A drowning victim can easily drag a rescuer under if the proper technique is not used. It is better for people to throw a rope, line, buoy, or other flotation device toward the person for them to grab onto. When the person is near land, it is better to offer a hand while holding on to something with the other hand than to jump in after them. In very shallow water or with small children, it may be more appropriate for an untrained person to attempt a rescue.

Remember to protect skin from the sun as well. Sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher that protects against UVA and UVB rays is advised. Follow the manufacturer recommendations regarding the need for re-application, especially after swimming. Keep in mind that the risk of skin cancer is directly related to the amount of sun exposure a person has over their lifetime. Help children develop good habits early.

These simple tips, when put together, could probably prevent 75% of water accidents, injuries and deaths if followed. Many are common sense, but others are not so obvious. Swimming is a fun, healthy way to stay fit and enjoy the outdoors in the summer. So dive in - but be safe!