Bone measurement test results are reported as a "T-score," indicating how far the measurement is below that of a normal person age 20 - 29:

• Your bone strength is normal if you have a T-score above -1.
• You have osteoporosis if you have a score below -2.5.

Should everyone have bone measurement testing?

No, these are not screening tests. The decision for bone testing is made based on risk factors, such as age, medications, medical history, and family history with your physician.

I had bone testing done and the results were normal. Am I safe?

No. The abilityof bone strength testing to predict fractures is limited. The fact that one site has a normal result does not guarantee that bone density is normal in other sites.

How often should I have bone measurement testing?

Repeating the test at intervals of less than two years usually will not lead to useful results

Everyone should consider the following measures:

• Diet--Increase calcium intake from an early age to increase maximum bone density. Foods that are rich in calcium are dairy products, dark green leafy vegetables, tofu, and almonds. Dietary supplements are also helpful and may be necessary for some people to assure adequate intake. The National Academy of Sciences recommends that an "Adequate Intake" of calcium is 1,000 mg/day for individuals under age 50, and 1,200 mg/day in those over 50 years. Vitamin D is also important for calcium absorption and bone health. The recommended daily amount is 400 - 800 IU.
• Exercise--Particularly weight-bearing activities such as walking and jogging.
• Lifestyle--Stop smoking, limit alcohol use

The risk of osteoporosis is greater in:

• Women after menopause
• Caucasian and Asian women, though African American women are also at risk
• Women with a family history of osteoporosis
• Women with small bone frames, thin women
• Women and men with certain uncommon medical conditions (such as hyperparathyroidism) or use of certain medications such as cortisone, heparin, seizure medicines, and some cancer treatments