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In the Spotlight

September 23, 2000

Kids Sports Injuries



By Lee Phillips, M.D.
PersonalMd.com Medical Advisory Board

Close to 6 million high school students play team sports, and another 20 million children take part in recreational or competitive sports out of school. Sports activities help children stay fit, develop self-confidence, social skills and provide them with a sense of well being. Sports participation is also an important part of learning how to build team skills. Exercise may reduce the chances of obesity, which is becoming more common in children. Keeping active may also lessen a person's risk of diabetes, a disease that is sometimes associated with a lack of exercise and poor eating habits. But playing a sport also brings the risk of injury. Each year, over 775,000 children under the age of 15 years are treated in hospital emergency departments for sports injuries. In fact, sports injuries are the number one reason for emergency department visits among children. About 80 percent of these injuries are from playing football, basketball, baseball, or soccer. Many of these injuries can be prevented if parents get involved. As a parent, it is important for you to match your child to the right sport, and not force him into an activity that he or she may not like or be capable of doing.

How Do You Know If Your Child Is Ready To Play A Sport?

It is recommended that you wait until your child is six years old to play team sports. Most children younger than that don't understand the concept of team play. With older children, you should decide if it's OK for them to play based on their physical and emotional development and their eagerness to play. Your child's doctor can help you make this decision. Remember, pushing children to play a sport before they're ready, or when they don't want to, can increase their chances of getting hurt. Most sports-related injuries in children, about two-thirds of them are sprains (involving ligaments, which connect one bone to another) and strains (involving muscles). Only 5 percent of sports injuries involve broken bones. The majority of injuries are mild, but they can cause problems for both children and their parents during the healing process. And if not allowed to heal properly, a minor injury can become a more serious one that interferes with proper growth and causes life-long problems.

Tips For Preventing Sports Injuries

You may not be able to protect your child from all sports injuries, but there are some things you can do to help prevent them:

  • Before your child starts a training program or enters a competition, take him or her to the doctor for a physical exam;
  • Enroll your child in organized sports through schools, community clubs, and recreation areas where are adults who are certified athletic trainers (ATC). An ATC is also trained in the prevention, recognition and immediate care of athletic injuries;
  • Make sure your child wears all the required safety gear every time he or she plays and practices; · Insist that your child warm up and stretch before playing, paying special attention to the muscles that will get the most use during play;
  • Teach your child not to play through pain. If your child gets injured, see your doctor. Follow all the doctor's orders for recovery, and get the doctor's OK before your child returns to play;
  • Talk to and watch your child's coach. Coaches should enforce all the rules of the game, encourage safe play, and understand the special injury risks that young players face;
  • If you're not sure if it's safe for your child to perform a certain technique or move (such as heading a soccer ball or diving off the highest platform), ask your pediatrician and the coach about it;
  • Above all, keep sports fun. Putting too much focus on winning can make your child push too hard and risk injury.
Football

This popular sport "leads the pack" in the number of injuries, especially in boys, in organized sports.

Common injuries and locations:
Bruises, sprains, strains, pulled muscles, soft tissue tears such as ligaments, broken bones, internal injuries (bruised or damaged organs), sunburns and back injuries. Knees and ankles are the most common injury sites.

Safety Features:
Helmet; mouth guard; shoulder pads; athletic supporters for males; chest/rib pads; forearm, elbow, and thigh pads; shin guards; proper shoes; sunscreen; water.

Prevention:
Proper use of safety equipment, warm-up exercises, proper coaching and conditioning.


Basketball

This popular sport has the highest rate of knee injuries requiring surgery among girls.

Common injuries and locations: Sprains, strains, bruises, fractures, scrapes, dislocation, cuts and dental injuries. Ankles, knees (injury rates are higher in girls, especially for the anterior cruciate ligament, the wide ligament that limits rotation and forward movement of the shin bone), shoulder (rotator cuff strains and tears, where tendons at the end of muscles attach to the upper arm and shoulder bones).

Safety Features: Eye protection, elbow and kneepads, mouth guard, athletic supporters for males, proper shoes and lots of drinking water. If playing outdoors, add a hat and sunscreen.

Prevention:
Strength training (particularly knees and shoulders), aerobics (exercises that develop the strength and endurance of heart and lungs), warm-up exercises, proper coaching, and use of safety equipment.


Soccer

This sport has dramatically increased in popularity in the past two decades in the U.S.

Common injuries:
Bruises, cuts and scrapes, headaches and sunburn.

Safety Features:
Shin guards, athletic supporters for males, cleats, sunscreen and lots of drinking water.

Prevention:
Aerobic conditioning and warm-ups, and proper training in "heading" the ball. ("Heading" is using the head to strike or make a play with the ball.)


Baseball And Softball

Sometimes called "America's favorite pastime."

Common injuries: Soft tissue strains, impact injuries that include fractures due to sliding and being hit by a ball and sunburn.

Safety Features:
Batting helmet, shin guards, elbow guards, athletic supporters for males, mouth guard, sunscreen, cleats, hat, breakaway bases.

Prevention: Proper conditioning and warm-ups.


Gymnastics

Common injuries:
Sprains and strains of soft tissues.

Safety Features: Athletic supporters for males, safety harness, joint supports (such as neoprene wraps) and lots of drinking water.

Prevention:
Proper conditioning and warm-ups.


Track and Field


Competing at running, walking, jumping, throwing, or pushing events.

Common injuries: Strains, sprains, scrapes from falls.

Safety Features: Proper shoes, athletic supporters for males, sunscreen and lots of drinking water.

Prevention: Proper conditioning and coaching.







 

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