What is sigmoidoscopy?

Sigmoidoscopy is a procedure in which a doctor looks inside your large intestine. The doctor uses a flexible tube with a light on the end called a flexible sigmoidoscope. Another instrument called a rigid sigmoidoscope is used less often because the flexible tube is more comfortable and allows the doctor to see better.

When is it used?

Sigmoidoscopy may be used when you have no symptoms as a screening for cancer of the colon and rectum. Also, it may be used to help diagnose diarrhea, bleeding, pain, or inflammation in the rectum.

How do I prepare for sigmoidoscopy?

Follow your doctor's instructions. Frequently, the doctor will ask you to restrict your diet beginning the day before the procedure. You are usually asked to give yourself an enema at home just before the procedure, or you will be given it at the office 30 minutes to 1 hour before the procedure. In an enema, fluid is forced into your rectum to cause a bowel movement.

In some cases, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics for you to take before the procedure.

What happens during the procedure?

The procedure is done in the doctor's office and does not require anesthesia. Usually you lie down on your left side with your knees bent and pulled up part way. Before the sigmoidoscope is inserted, the tip of the scope is lubricated to cause less discomfort. The doctor can use the scope to force air inside the intestine if necessary to see better. Also, the doctor can remove samples of tissue for lab analysis (called a biopsy).

What happens after the procedure?

Unless the doctor tells you otherwise, there are no special measures to take after the procedure.

What are the benefits of this procedure?

This procedure helps the doctor diagnose problems in the colon. For some of these problems, such as cancer, treatment is more effective when the problem is detected early.

What are the risks associated with this procedure?

Risks include damage to the colon from the sigmoidoscope itself (called perforation) and bleeding or infection inside the colon.

If your doctor performs a biopsy during the procedure, there is a slight risk of bleeding or infection.

If your doctor adds air into your intestine to see better during the procedure, you may feel some pain and swelling in your lower abdomen until the extra air is passed from your body shortly after the procedure.

When should I call the doctor?

Call the doctor immediately if you have any pain after the procedure or if pain or symptoms you had earlier become worse.

Call the doctor during office hours if:

• You have questions about the procedure or its result.

• You want to make another appointment.