What is an air contrast barium enema?

An air contrast barium enema is a procedure in which x-rays, barium, and air are used to examine your large intestine (colon). Barium is a fluid that shows up clearly on an x- ray.

When is it used?

This procedure is used to look for diseases of the intestine, such as:

• cancer

• diverticulitis

• polyps

• ulcerative colitis.

Examples of alternatives are:

• to have other tests

• to choose not to have treatment, recognizing the risks of your condition.

You should ask your doctor about these choices.

How do I prepare for an air contrast barium enema?

• Follow your doctor's instructions for what you should or should not eat or drink before the procedure. Because the large intestine needs to be empty, you will be put on a restricted diet for a few days before the exam.

• Take a laxative and use an enema if advised.

• Take a sedative if prescribed.

• Wear loose-fitting, comfortable clothes that are easy to get in and out of.

What happens during the procedure?

You will lie on a table. An x-ray technologist may take a regular x-ray of your abdomen. He or she will then insert a lubricated tube into your anus and rectum. The tube is connected to a bag of barium. After the barium has passed through your intestine, the technologist will carefully pump some air into your intestine and then take x-rays from several different angles. You may feel a strong urge to move your bowels. Take long, deep breaths through your mouth to relax.

You can go to the bathroom after several x-rays have been taken. After you have a bowel movement, more x-rays may be taken.

What happens after the procedure?

The radiologist will send a report to your doctor.

Ask your doctor what other steps you should take and when to come back for a checkup.

What are the benefits of this procedure?

This procedure may help the doctor make a better diagnosis.

What are the risks associated with this procedure?

• You may feel weak and dizzy from the enema.

• Rarely, the wall of the intestine may tear if it is weak. If this occurs, you may need surgery.

• Rarely, you may develop an infection.

You should ask your doctor how these risks apply to you.

When should I call the doctor?

Call the doctor immediately if:

• You're in a lot of pain.

• You develop a fever.

Call the doctor during office hours if:

• You have questions about the procedure or its result.

• You want to make another appointment.