What are AIDS-associated tumors?

AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) attacks the body's immune system. The immune system is a natural defense system that protects against foreign substances and invading organisms, such as bacteria, that cause disease. Because the person with AIDS can no longer fight off disease successfully, secondary infections, cancers, and tumors can more easily invade the body.

Tumors associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS, include:

• Kaposi's sarcoma, a skin tumor: Sarcomas are cancerous tumors that start in bones, cartilage, or muscle tissue.

• Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Produces tumors in lymphatic tissues. The lymphatic system includes organs, ducts, and tissues that drain tissue fluid (lymph) into the bloodstream and fight infection. The lymphatic tissues are found in the armpits, groin, and neck.

• Primary lymphoma of the brain: Refers to a tumor in the brain.

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms of AIDS-associated tumors include lesions on the skin, the internal organs of the body, or in the lymphatic system. Typically, the lesions are raised pimples that are not tender.

How are they diagnosed?

To diagnose Kaposi's sarcoma, the doctor will biopsy any purple patch or sore on the skin or mucous membrane.

How are they treated?

Treatments for AIDS-associated tumors include:

• Chemotherapy: Cancer control drugs that kill cells, called cytotoxic drugs. These drugs are taken orally or injected into the bloodstream.

• Radiation therapy: Radioactivity or x-rays used mainly to destroy cancerous growths and prevent or slow their spread.

• Combination therapy: Treatment includes several therapies.

How can I take care of myself?

To help yourself get better, follow these guidelines:

• Prevent or lessen exposure to AIDS-infected persons.

• Call or see the doctor as soon as you notice symptoms or changes in your body functions.

• Stay as healthy as possible by getting enough rest; eating a healthy, balanced diet; drinking plenty of water; and exercising daily.

What can be done to help prevent AIDS?

If you are an HIV carrier or have an active case of AIDS, follow these guidelines to prevent the spread of AIDS:

• Do not share body fluids in any way (for example, through sexual contact, chewing gum, sharing razors).

• Do not share needles if you are an intravenous drug user.

• Avoid pregnancy.

• Tell your sex partners of your HIV status.

• Do not donate blood, plasma, semen, or body parts.

• Tell your sexual contacts they need to be tested for HIV infection.